🩸Blood cancers

#1HIV[1]+960%

In a US population study spanning the antiretroviral-therapy era, people with HIV developed non-Hodgkin lymphoma at about 11 times the rate of the general population, immune suppression letting Epstein-Barr virus and other drivers push cells toward cancer.

Do you have HIV or AIDS?

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#2Autoimmune disease[2, 3]+778%

Chronic immune activation can itself turn cancerous.

Do you have a chronic autoimmune or inflammatory disease?

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#3High-dose ionizing radiation[4]≈+170%

The clearest evidence is the Life Span Study of atomic-bomb survivors: at a bone-marrow dose of 0.5 to 1 gray, radiation explained 63% of the leukemia cases that followed.

Have you had a high dose of ionizing radiation (radiotherapy to the chest, abdomen or pelvis for another condition, an atomic-radiation exposure, or years of high-dose occupational exposure)?

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#4Occupational benzene exposure[5]+162%

A systematic review of 15 studies found leukemia rose with cumulative benzene dose: 64% more at under 40 ppm-years of exposure and 162% more above 100 ppm-years.

Has your job put you around benzene regularly (rubber manufacturing, petrochemical or refinery work, chemical manufacturing, or printing)?

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#5Hepatitis C[6]+78%

Across a pooled case-control study of nearly 5,000 people with non-Hodgkin lymphoma, hepatitis C infection was 78% more common in cases than controls, most likely because chronic viral stimulation of B cells is itself a route to lymphoma.

Do you have, or have you had, hepatitis C?

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#6Family history[7]+50%

A pooled analysis of over 10,000 people with non-Hodgkin lymphoma and their controls found 50% more non-Hodgkin lymphoma in people with a first-degree relative who had it, a similar 60% for a relative with Hodgkin lymphoma, and 40% more for a relative with any leukemia; the excess was larger with an affected sibling than an affected parent.

Has a parent or sibling had leukemia, lymphoma, or another blood cancer?

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#7Smoking[8]+40%

Smoking’s clearest tie among blood cancers is to acute myeloid leukemia (AML).

Do you smoke?

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#8Body weight[9]+26%

A meta-analysis of nine prospective cohorts found obesity, not overweight, moved this needle: obese adults developed 26% more leukemia than normal-weight adults (53% more for AML alone), while overweight on its own showed no significant excess.

How would you describe your weight?

Same number, 2 answers: The meta-analysis pooled everyone with a BMI of 30 or over as one obese group, without a separate severe-obesity figure.

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#9Physical inactivity[10]−20%

In 1.44 million adults across 12 cohorts, the most active tenth developed 20% less myeloid leukemia than the least active tenth, one of 13 cancers the study found lower among active people.

How many days a week do you get 30+ minutes of exercise?

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#10Diabetes[11]+19%

Pooling 5 prospective and 10 case-control studies of over 2.6 million people, diabetes went with 19% more non-Hodgkin lymphoma than no diabetes; the studies did not separate well-controlled from poorly controlled diabetes, so both diabetes answers share one number.

What’s your blood sugar like?

Same number, 2 answers: The meta-analysis compared diabetes with no diabetes; it did not split by how well it was controlled.

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#11Alcohol[12, 13, 14]−16%

Unusually for a cancer chart, this one ran the other way in Tramacere’s pooled analysis [12] of 21 case-control and 8 cohort studies (18,759 non-Hodgkin lymphoma cases): drinkers developed 12 to 16 percent less non-Hodgkin lymphoma than non-drinkers, and heavier drinking looked slightly more “protective” than light drinking, backwards from a real dose-response.

How much alcohol do you drink?

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