Prostate cancer
Levers on prostate cancer death risk
Levers on prostate cancer death risk
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Where you sit
0 of 10 answered
Answer the 10 factors above to see which ones raise your own risk, which sit at the reference, and which the studies have no number for.
Relative risk versus each factor’s reference group; above the line is lower risk, below it higher.
Sources (10)Hugosson et al., Eur Urol 2019 · Islami et al., Eur Urol 2014 · Cao & Ma, Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2011 and 7 moreShow allHide
- [1]M. Kiciński, J. Vangronsveld, and T. S. Nawrot. An epidemiological reappraisal of the familial aggregation of prostate cancer: a meta-analysis. PLoS One, 6(10):e27130, 2011. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0027130 Evidence: High
- [2]T. B. Kratzer et al. Prostate cancer statistics, 2025. CA Cancer J Clin, 75(6):485-497, 2025. doi:10.3322/caac.70028 Evidence: Not graded (statistics)
- [3]Y. Cao and J. Ma. Body mass index, prostate cancer-specific mortality, and biochemical recurrence: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cancer Prev Res (Phila), 4(4):486-501, 2011. doi:10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-10-0229 Evidence: High
- [4]A. Perez-Cornago et al. Tall height and obesity are associated with an increased risk of aggressive prostate cancer: results from the EPIC cohort study. BMC Med, 15(1):115, 2017. doi:10.1186/s12916-017-0876-7 Evidence: Moderate
- [5]F. Islami et al. A systematic review and meta-analysis of tobacco use and prostate cancer mortality and incidence in prospective cohort studies. Eur Urol, 66(6):1054-64, 2014. doi:10.1016/j.eururo.2014.08.059 Evidence: High
- [6]J. Hugosson et al. A 16-yr Follow-up of the European Randomized study of Screening for Prostate Cancer. Eur Urol, 76(1):43-51, 2019. doi:10.1016/j.eururo.2019.02.009 Evidence: Moderate
- [7]J. Zhao et al. Is alcohol consumption a risk factor for prostate cancer? A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Cancer, 16(1):845, 2016. doi:10.1186/s12885-016-2891-z Evidence: High
- [8]E. A. Klein et al. Vitamin E and the risk of prostate cancer: the Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial (SELECT). JAMA, 306(14):1549-56, 2011. doi:10.1001/jama.2011.1437 Evidence: Moderate
- [9]D. Bansal et al. Type 2 diabetes and risk of prostate cancer: a meta-analysis of observational studies. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis, 16(2):151-8, S1, 2013. doi:10.1038/pcan.2012.40 Evidence: High
- [10]Y. Liu et al. Does physical activity reduce the risk of prostate cancer? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Urol, 60(5):1029-44, 2011. doi:10.1016/j.eururo.2011.07.007 Evidence: Moderate
Every factor, one by one
One quick question each. The charts above follow your answers, and so does every other What Matters page that asks the same question.
#1Family history[1]+339%
This answer is not part of your life estimate; it only places you on this chart.
Has your father or a brother had prostate cancer?
Not answered yet. Tap an option to save your answer. This answer does not change your life estimate.
#2Race and ancestry[2]2×
Black men in the US are diagnosed with prostate cancer 67% more often than White men, and die of it about twice as often, a gap seen at every age and in every US region, driven in real part by unequal access to screening and treatment rather than biology alone.
Which best describes your background? (US population statistics)
Same number, 4 answers: The cited source publishes only a White-versus-Black mortality comparison; it prints no group-specific figure for any of these groups, so none can be told apart from another and all four share this one placeholder rather than four identical numbers with no reason given.
Not answered yet. Tap an option to save your answer. Saved to your quiz answers, so the quiz shows it too.
#3Body weight[3]≈+52%
A dose-response meta-analysis of six cohorts and 1.26 million men found each 5 kg/m² of BMI raised prostate cancer-specific mortality by 15%.
How would you describe your weight?
Not answered yet. Tap an option to save your answer. Saved to your quiz answers, so the quiz shows it too.
#4Height[4]+17%
This answer is not part of your life estimate; it only places you on this chart.
Roughly how tall are you?
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#5Smoking[5]+24%
A pooled analysis of 51 studies and over 4 million men found current smokers died of prostate cancer 24% more often than people who had never smoked, with a dose-response by cigarettes a day; former smokers’ risk sat close to never smokers.
Do you smoke?
Not answered yet. Tap an option to save your answer. Saved to your quiz answers, so the quiz shows it too.
#6Skipping PSA screening[6]−20%
This answer is not part of your life estimate; it only places you on this chart.
Are you up to date on PSA screening (a shared decision, usually from 50, or 40–45 with more risk)?
Not answered yet. Tap an option to save your answer. This answer does not change your life estimate.
#7Alcohol[7]+18%
A systematic review of case-control and cohort studies found high-volume drinkers developed 14% more prostate cancer than abstainers, and the highest-volume drinkers 18% more, with a dose-response starting from a fairly low intake; the review does not report a separate number for light drinking alone.
How much alcohol do you drink?
Not answered yet. Tap an option to save your answer. Saved to your quiz answers, so the quiz shows it too.
#8Vitamin E supplements[8]+17%
This answer is not part of your life estimate; it only places you on this chart.
Do you take a vitamin E supplement?
Not answered yet. Tap an option to save your answer. This answer does not change your life estimate.
#9Diabetes[9]−14%
One of the few cancers where diabetes runs the other way: a meta-analysis of 45 studies and 8.1 million people found men with type 2 diabetes developed 14% less prostate cancer than men without it, most likely because diabetes lowers circulating testosterone.
What’s your blood sugar like?
Same number, 2 answers: The meta-analysis compared diagnosed type 2 diabetes with no diabetes; it did not split by how well it was controlled.
Not answered yet. Tap an option to save your answer. Saved to your quiz answers, so the quiz shows it too.
#10Physical inactivity[10]−10%
A meta-analysis of 43 studies found the most physically active men developed 10% less prostate cancer than the least active (total physical activity, highest versus lowest); occupational activity carried more of the effect (19% less) than recreational activity alone.
How many days a week do you get 30+ minutes of exercise?
Not answered yet. Tap an option to save your answer. Saved to your quiz answers, so the quiz shows it too.
Cancer, site by site
Share of cancer deaths by site, SEER/NCHS (National Cancer Institute SEER Program, National Cancer Institute Evidence: Not graded (statistics)). Most sites have their own pills chart now — tap one — the smallest are still listed with their share alone.
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