🎀Breast cancer

#1Breast density[1]+370%

One of the strongest known risk factors, and one almost nobody knows about themselves.

If you have had a mammogram, what did the report say about breast density?

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#2Breast cancer in the family[2]+193%

The strongest factor on this chart.

Any strong family history of cancer?

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#3Menopausal hormone therapy[3]+108%

Among 108,647 postmenopausal women who developed breast cancer, current users of oestrogen-plus-progestogen therapy for 5 to 14 years carried roughly double the risk of never users, and oestrogen-only users about a third more; the excess was definite even in the first four years and faded slowly over a decade after stopping.

Have you taken menopausal hormone therapy (HRT/MHT) for 5 years or more?

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#4Alcohol[4]+46%

Across 53 studies and 58,515 women with breast cancer, risk rose 7.1% for every extra 10 g a day of alcohol (about one drink), the same slope in smokers and non-smokers alike.

How much alcohol do you drink?

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#5Body weight (after menopause)[5]+26%

In 337,819 women pooled from seven cohorts, postmenopausal women with a BMI over 28 had 26% more breast cancer than the leanest women, a relationship that levelled off above BMI 28 rather than climbing further, so “very” and “severely” overweight share one number.

How would you describe your weight?

Same number, 2 answers: The pooled analysis found risk did not increase further above a BMI of 28, so both heavier bands share the BMI 28+ figure.

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#6Oral contraceptives[6]+24%

In 53,297 women with breast cancer and 100,239 controls from 54 studies, current pill users carried 24% more breast cancer than never users; the excess faded the longer ago they stopped and was gone entirely ten or more years after stopping.

Are you currently using, or have you recently used, combined oral contraceptives (the pill)?

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#7Skipping screening[7]−20%

The one lever here that is about dying of breast cancer, not getting it.

Are you up to date on the health screenings recommended for your age (like cancer screening)?

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#8Age periods started[8]≈+10%

Across 117 studies and 118,964 women with breast cancer, each year younger at first period went with 5.0% more breast cancer; the slope is a continuous one, applied here as roughly two years either side of the average of 12 to 13.

About how old were you when your periods started?

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#9Number of births[9]≈−13%

The same 47-study reanalysis behind the breastfeeding pill: each birth went with 7.0% less breast cancer on its own, separate from any time spent breastfeeding.

How many children have you given birth to?

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#10Breastfeeding[9]≈−12%

In 50,302 women with breast cancer and 96,973 controls across 30 countries, every 12 months of breastfeeding went with 4.3% less breast cancer, on top of childbirth’s own protection.

If you have had children, how long did you breastfeed in total?

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#11Smoking[10]+12%

A meta-analysis of the CPS-II cohort with 14 other studies found current smokers developed 12% more breast cancer than never smokers and former smokers 9% more, weaker than smoking’s effect on most other cancers.

Do you smoke?

Same number, 2 answers: The meta-analysis compared current smokers with never smokers and did not split by cigarettes a day.

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#12Physical inactivity[11]−10%

In 1.44 million adults, the most active tenth developed 10% less breast cancer than the least active tenth.

How many days a week do you get 30+ minutes of exercise?

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#13Little fibre[12]−8%

Across 17 prospective cohorts, 2 nested case-control studies and 1 trial, women eating the most fibre had 8% less breast cancer than those eating the least, a modest link but a precise one, with little disagreement between studies.

How much fiber do you eat (whole grains, beans, fruit, vegetables)?

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