🥚Ovarian cancer

#1Family history of ovarian cancer[1, 2]+618%

The clearest single flag on this chart, and the one most worth acting on.

Any strong family history of cancer?

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#2Endometriosis[3]Women+205%

Another subtype story.

Have you been diagnosed with endometriosis?

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#3Body weight[4]≈+48%

Across 25,157 women with ovarian cancer from 47 studies, every 5 kg/m² of BMI went with 10% more ovarian cancer in women who had never used hormone therapy (the association was weaker in ever-users).

How would you describe your weight?

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#4Number of births[5]Women; protective−54%

Pregnancy suppresses ovulation for months at a time, and fewer lifetime ovulations tracks with less ovarian cancer.

How many children have you given birth to?

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#5Oral contraceptive use[6]Women; protective≈−50%

The biggest protective pill on this page, and one every reader can answer about her own past.

Have you ever used oral contraceptives (the pill)?

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#6Smoking[7]+49%

A subtype story, not an overall one.

Do you smoke?

Same number, 2 answers: The study compared current smokers with never smokers and did not split by cigarettes a day.

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#7Menopausal hormone therapy[8]Women; current or recent use+37%

Pooling 52 studies, women currently or recently (within 5 years) using menopausal hormone therapy had 1.37 times the ovarian cancer risk, rising for both serous and endometrioid tumours; risk fell after stopping but stayed slightly raised for years after.

Have you used hormone therapy (HRT) for the menopause?

Same number, 2 answers: The quiz asks the age hormone therapy was started; the ovarian cancer meta-analysis grouped users by how recently and how long they had used it instead, not by age started, so both start-age answers share its current-or-recent-use figure.

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#8Breastfeeding[5]Women; protective−33%

Breastfeeding suppresses ovulation the same way pregnancy does, on top of parity’s own protection.

Have you breastfed, and for how long in total?

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#9Diabetes[9]+32%

Across 15 cohort studies, diabetes went with 32% more ovarian cancer; type 2 diabetes alone carried a smaller 24% excess.

What’s your blood sugar like?

Same number, 2 answers: The meta-analysis compared diabetes with no diabetes; it did not split by how well it was controlled.

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#10Tubal ligation or hysterectomy[10]Women; protective−30%

Both procedures change how the fallopian tubes and ovaries connect to the rest of the reproductive tract, and both track with meaningfully less ovarian cancer: a meta-analysis of 30 studies on tubal ligation found 30% less ovarian cancer, and 24 studies on hysterectomy found 26% less.

Have you had a tubal ligation (“tubes tied”) or a hysterectomy?

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#11Physical inactivity[11]−11%

A weaker, less consistent pill than on the other cancer pages.

How many days a week do you get 30+ minutes of exercise?

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