🫗Liver cancer

#1Family history of liver cancer[1]+455%

Pooling nine case-control and four cohort studies of about 3,600 cases, a family history of liver cancer carried 2.5 times the risk, independent of shared hepatitis B or C infection; combined with a personal hepatitis infection the odds ran over 70 times normal.

Any strong family history of cancer?

Not answered yet. Tap an option to save your answer. Saved to your quiz answers, so the quiz shows it too.

#2Alcohol[2]+107%

Across 572 studies and half a million cancer cases, heavy drinkers had 2.07 times the liver cancer of non-drinkers and occasional drinkers, mostly by way of the cirrhosis heavy drinking causes.

How much alcohol do you drink?

Not answered yet. Tap an option to save your answer. Saved to your quiz answers, so the quiz shows it too.

#3Body weight[3]+83%

Across 26 prospective studies and 25,337 cases, obesity (BMI 30 or over) carried 83% more primary liver cancer than normal weight, independent of alcohol, diabetes or hepatitis status; excess weight of any degree (BMI 25 or over) carried 48% more.

How would you describe your weight?

Same number, 2 answers: The meta-analysis pooled everyone with a BMI of 30 or over as one obese group.

Not answered yet. Tap an option to save your answer. Saved to your quiz answers, so the quiz shows it too.

#4Sugary drinks[4]+83%

In the 477,206-person EPIC cohort, drinking more than six soft drinks a week (sugar-sweetened and diet combined) went with 83% more liver cancer than not drinking them, on only 191 cases; broken down by serving, the signal ran stronger for artificially sweetened than sugar-sweetened soda, a caveat the small case count cannot resolve.

How often do you drink sugary drinks?

Not answered yet. Tap an option to save your answer. Saved to your quiz answers, so the quiz shows it too.

#5Diabetes[5]+56%

Across 25 cohort studies, diabetes went with 56% more deaths from liver cancer, independent of geography, alcohol, cirrhosis or hepatitis B or C infection; the same review found the incidence risk twice as high.

What’s your blood sugar like?

Same number, 2 answers: The meta-analysis compared diabetes with no diabetes; it did not split by how well it was controlled.

Not answered yet. Tap an option to save your answer. Saved to your quiz answers, so the quiz shows it too.

#6Skipping coffee[6]−45%

Across 20 cohort studies, the heaviest coffee drinkers had 45% less liver cancer than non- or occasional drinkers, with a dose-response gradient and no sign of a ceiling.

What does your daily caffeine mostly look like?

Same number, 3 answers: No cohort has studied sugary coffee drinks or energy drinks (sugared or sugar-free) against liver cancer specifically, so this app groups all three under one small, honestly-labeled bridge rather than three guesses.

Not answered yet. Tap an option to save your answer. Saved to your quiz answers, so the quiz shows it too.

#7Physical inactivity[7]−38%

Across seven studies and 777,662 people, more physical activity went with 35% less hepatocellular carcinoma, and vigorous activity specifically with 38% less.

How many days a week do you get 30+ minutes of exercise?

Not answered yet. Tap an option to save your answer. Saved to your quiz answers, so the quiz shows it too.

#8Waist size[8]≈+23%

In 1.17 million adults pooled across US cohorts, each 5 cm more waist circumference went with 11% more liver cancer, holding even in people with a normal BMI.

How’s your waistline?

Not answered yet. Tap an option to save your answer. Saved to your quiz answers, so the quiz shows it too.

#9Smoking[9]+29%

Across 81 epidemiological studies, current smokers died of liver cancer 29% more often than never smokers and former smokers 20% more, with the excess compounding on top of hepatitis or heavy drinking rather than replacing it.

Do you smoke?

Same number, 2 answers: The review compared current smokers with never smokers and did not split by cigarettes a day.

Not answered yet. Tap an option to save your answer. Saved to your quiz answers, so the quiz shows it too.

#10Few vegetables[10]−28%

Across 19 studies and 1.29 million people, the highest vegetable eaters had 28% less hepatocellular carcinoma than the lowest, a benefit that held regardless of hepatitis, drinking or smoking status; each 100 g a day was worth 8% less.

How many servings of vegetables and fruit do you eat a day?

Not answered yet. Tap an option to save your answer. Saved to your quiz answers, so the quiz shows it too.

#11Red or processed meat[11]+1%

Across seven cohort and ten case-control studies, neither red meat (highest versus lowest intake, RR 1.10) nor processed meat (RR 1.01) showed a clear link to liver cancer, unlike their effect on colorectal cancer.

How often do you eat processed meat (bacon, deli, sausage)?

Same number, 2 answers: The review compared highest versus lowest consumption levels and did not distinguish a few times a week from most days.

Not answered yet. Tap an option to save your answer. Saved to your quiz answers, so the quiz shows it too.